轉載：Robin Hood Architecture - Two Taiwanese Architects at MIT

建築界的羅賓漢 – 兩位台灣建築師在 MIT

This April, the Department of Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology hosted two lecturers from Taiwan: Ying-Chun Hsieh (謝英俊) and Sheng-yuan Huang (黃聲遠). Hsieh’s lecture, “Sustainable Construction in Community,” was possibly the most explicit example of how architecture can play a strong positive social and environmental role in the contemporary Asian context. Huang, titled his talk “In-Between Breaks,” where he presented a family of projects from the Yi-lan region elaborating his unique approach to political haggling and community oriented design. Both lecturers were invited by our relatively new Department Head, Yung Ho Chang (張永和) who arrived in Cambridge, Massachusetts from Beijing at the beginning of this academic year. Chang’s introductions to these lectures stressed the strong social conscience of both architects—a quality that is often rare in the lecture circuit of American architecture schools which is steadily veering towards the star system.

今年四月份，麻省理工學院主辦了兩場來自台灣的講座：謝英俊與黃聲遠。謝建築師的演講「社區永續營造」可能是最清晰的範例，說明建築如何在當代的亞洲脈絡下扮演有力、正面的社會及環境角色；而黃建築師將他的講題定為「介於喘息之間」，以宜蘭地區的一個家戶設計為引線，闡述他對於政治紛爭與社區取向設計的獨特見解。這兩場演講都是由我們近期上任的建築系主任張永和先生所邀請，他於這個學年的開始抵達麻省劍橋市，張主任在這兩場演講的引言中，特別強調兩位建築師任重道遠的社會責任感 — 在美國建築學院不斷朝向明星系統的講學路線中通常罕見的一種品質。

Hsieh, who delivered his lecture in Chinese with a student translator, began by announcing that he prized the opportunity “to be in such a technical institution,” so that he might actually “discuss technicalities” to a truly receptive audience. While this might have seemed a bit daunting at first, it soon became clear that for Hsieh, designing details represented a real opportunity to consider and intervene in some of the most basic social and environmental issues presented in architecture and construction. For example, noting that many indigenous Taiwanese people lacked work, Hsieh explained that he and his collaborators have designed several light weight steel assemblies that allow unskilled laborers to construct their own housing and community centers. The simple replacement of welded connections with screws, he noted, radically reduces the cost of framing while also making the construction process open to a far greater number of people. Once the tribal community with which he had worked fully absorbed the assembly process, Hsieh went a step further by aiding the tribes’ people to set up a low cost factory in their village. The factory, built on a budget of $20,000, mass produces Hsieh’s prefabricated steel elements so that they can be sold to other communities in need of low-cost housing. Hsieh called this an “Independent Construction System,” independent in the economic sense, all the while engaging in issues such as housing, labor and sustainability in a radically inventive way.

謝建築師以中文演說，由一位學生進行翻譯，一開始便談到他很重視這個「得以在如此技術性的學院」裡演講的機會， 使他真的可以和一群確實能接受的聽眾「討論專業技術」，儘管初聽來有一點令人氣餒，但接下來的演說卻逐漸清晰，對謝建築師而言，細部設計再現出一個真實的機會，去考量與介入那些反映在建築與構造中、最基本的社會與環境議題。舉例來說，謝建築師解釋道由於許多台灣原住民缺乏工作，他和他的合作伙伴便設計了幾種輕量的鋼構配件，讓沒有專業技能的勞工也能自行組裝他們的住家與社區中心，他指出這種以螺栓取代焊接的簡易替換，大力地減縮了結構的經費，並且將構築過程開放給更多更多的人參與，一旦和他一起工作的部落社區完全掌握組裝過程之後，建築師便進一步幫助部落裡的人在他們的村子裡建設一個低成本的工廠，這個在兩萬塊美金的預算下打造出的工廠，大批生產謝英俊設計的組合式鋼構件，以便銷售至其他需要低成本造屋的社區，謝建築師將這樣的行動稱為「自立營造系統」，在經濟層面上自立，並且以相當創新的方式，持續致力於各項議題如住宅、勞工與永續性。

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